Historical Timeline
Timeline Anglo-French
Wars 1780-1809
1780
10 March Russia creates the League
of Armed Neutrality to prevent British
ships from searching neutral vessels
for contraband of war. France, Spain,
Austria, Prussia, Denmark, and Sweden
subsequently join the confederacy.
20 November Britain declares war
on the United Netherlands to prevent it
joining the League of Armed Neutrality
created by Russia on 10 March.
1 July Sir Eyre Coote, Irish-born
British commander in chief in India,
defeats Hyder Ali, Sultan of Mysore,
at Porto Novo, establishing British
hegemony over southern India.
5 September In perhaps the decisive
battle of the American Revolution, the
French fleet under Francois, Comte
de Grasse, defeats off the Virginia Capes
the attempt of a British fleet from
New York under Admiral Thomas Graves to
drive it from Chesapeake Bay. Continued
French occupation of the Bay seals
the fate of the British forces under
Charles, Lord Cornwallis, in Yorktown.
19 October British forces under
Charles, Lord Cornwallis, surrender to the
besieging American and French forces
at Yorktown, Virginia, after a
three-week siege. The British also
evacuate Charleston in South Carolina and
Savannah in
Georgia.
1781
17 May After a British defeat at
Wadgaon, India, in January 1779 and largely
inconclusive warfare since, the
Treaty of Salbai ends the first
Anglo-Maratha war with minimal British
gains.
3 September The Peace of Paris is
signed between Britain on one side and
France, Spain, and America on the
other, ending the American Revolution.
Britain recognizes the independence
of the American colonies, cedes Florida
to Spain, and recovers its West
Indian possessions. France recovers St
Lucia, Tobago, Senegal, Goree, and
its East Indian possessions. France
regains the right to fortify Dunkirk.
1785
11 March Britain signs a peace treaty
with Tippu Sultan of Mysore, India,
ending the Second Mysore War.
1789
20 January The Parlement of Paris
presents a list of grievances against the
French government to the king, Louis
XVI, in effect declaring itself the
defender of French liberties.
17 June The Third Estate (representing
the common people) of the Estates
General (parliament) in France declares
itself a National Assembly.
20 June The National Assembly in
France takes the 'Tennis Court Oath',
undertaking not to disband until
a new constitution is drawn up.
14 July A large crowd of the common
people of Paris, France storms and
captures the Bastille (a medieval
fortress, symbol of the ancient regime) in
Paris. The emigration of French
aristocrats begins.
15 July The Commune de Paris (municipal
government) is formed in Paris,
France. It appoints Jean Bailly
as mayor, sets up the National Guard under
the Marquis de Lafayette, and is
responsible for municipal administration.
4 August The French National Assembly
in Paris removes the feudal privileges
of the nobility-including seigneurial
rights and hunting rights.
26 August The French National Assembly
adopts the Declaration of the Rights
of Man.
2 November Following a proposal
by Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand, the bishop
of Autun, church property in France
is placed 'at the disposal of the
nation' with the aim of selling
it off to the public.
13 December The Austrian Netherlands
declare their independence as 'the
United States of Belgium'.
1790
12 July The Civil Constitution of
the Clergy is established by the French
National Constituent Assembly, reorganizing
the church on national lines.
14 July A vast rally (the Fete de
la Federation) is held in the Champ de
Mars, Paris, France, on the first
anniversary of the storming of the
Bastille. King Louis XVI accepts
the new constitution drawn up by the
National Assembly.
1792
5 February Tippu, sultan of Mysore,
India, is defeated in his war with the
British and Hyderabad. He cedes
half of Mysore to Britain.
8 July France declares war on Prussia,
in response to the Austro-Prussian
alliance of 7 February 1792.
10 August A huge mob storms the
royal palace in the Tuileries, Paris,
France, massacring the Swiss Guard.
The Legislative Assembly declares the
king's authority suspended. A new
revolutionary Commune de Paris (municipal
government) replaces the original
body set up in 1789, sharing power in the
French capital with a Provisional
Executive Council and the Legislative
Assembly.
21 September The French National
Convention convenes in Paris, replacing the
Legislative Assembly.
22 September The National Convention
in Paris proclaims France a republic
and the revolutionary calendar (although
not established until 5 October
1793) comes into force.
6 November French forces under General
Charles-Francois Dumouriez defeat an
Austrian army at Jemappes, after
which they take Brussels and overrun the
Austrian Netherlands (Belgium).
27 November France annexes Savoy
and Nice from the Kingdom of Savoy-Piedmont
and opens the River Scheldt in the
Austrian Netherlands to commerce.
1793
21 January Louis XVI, king of France
1774-92, now known as 'Citizen Capet',
is guillotined in Paris, France.
1 February France declares war on
Britain and the Dutch Republic.
13 February Great Great Britain,
Austria, Prussia, the Dutch Republic,
Spain, and Sardinia form The First
Coalition against France.
7 March France declares war on Spain.
Spanish forces invade the
French-occupied territories of Roussillon
and Navarre on the border between
the two countries.
13 March French royalists revolt
in the Vendue, west France, against the
revolutionary government.
18 March French forces under General
Charles-Francois Dumouriez are defeated
at Neerwinden in the Netherlands
by Austrian forces under Friedrich Josias,
Prince of Saxe-Coburg, leading to
the Austrian reconquest of the Austrian
Netherlands. 6 April The Committee
of Public Safety is established in France
as the executive organ of the revolutionary
government effectively headed by
the Jacobin leader Georges Danton.
2 June The final overthrow of the
Girondins by the Jacobins, and the arrest
of the Girondin leader, Jacques
Brissot, begins the Reign of Terror in
France.
16 October Marie-Antoinette, Queen
Consort of King Louis XVI of France, is
guillotined on the orders of the
Committee of Public Safety in Paris,
France.
1794
5 April The French Jacobin leaders
Georges Danton and Camille Desmoulins are
executed during the Reign of Terror,
following a show trial organized by
Maximilien Robespierre, the leader
of the Committee of Public Safety.
1 June The British Admiral Richard,
Lord Howe, defeats a French fleet in the
English Channel in a battle subsequently
known in Britain as 'The Glorious
First of June'.
26 June A French army under General
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan defeats Austrian
forces at Fleurus in the Austrian
Netherlands. The Austrian commander,
Freidrich Josias, Prince of Saxe-Coburg,
evacuates the Austrian Netherlands.
28 July In France, a conspiracy
by Montagnard moderates and Dantonists
against the leader of the Committee
of Public Safety, Maximilien
Robespierre, succeeds in abolishing
the Commune de Paris (municipal
government). Robespierre and
Louis St-Just are executed.
1795
5 April France and Prussia sign
the Peace of Basel, under which France
retains its conquests on the left
bank of the Rhine pending the conclusion
of a peace with the Holy Roman Empire,
while Prussia receives territories on
the right bank. Saxony, Hanover,
the Bavarian Palatinate, and Hesse-Cassel
also agree terms with France.
16 May The Dutch Republic is reorganized
under French control as the
Batavian Republic, and signs an
offensive and defensive alliance with
France.
20 May On 'Prairial 1' of the revolutionary
calendar, popular unrest again
threatens the National Convention
in Paris, France, leading to the 'White
Terror' purge of extreme revolutionaries
and the end of Montagnard influence
in the Convention.
14 July In France, 'La Marseillaise',
originally written as a royalist
rallying song, is adopted as the
national anthem.
22 August A third French constitution
is approved by the National
Convention, vesting executive power
in five directors (the Directory).
1796
15 May The Italian kingdom of Sardinia
signs the Peace of Cherasco with
France, ceding Savoy and Nice to
France.
16 May The northern Italian region
of Lombardy is declared a republic, under
French rule.
19 August An alliance is signed
at San Ildefonso, Spain, between France and
Spain against Britain. It is virtually
a renewal of the 1761 Family Compact
between the Bourbon rulers of the
two countries.
5 October Spain declares war on
Britain.
1797
6 June Napoleon Bonaparte establishes
the French-dominated Ligurian Republic
in Genoa, Italy.
17 October France and Austria sign
The Treaty of Campo Formio after Napoleon
Bonaparte's successful campaign
in Italy and Tyrol. The Cisalpine and
Ligurian republics are recognized,
as is French possession of the Ionian
Islands off the Greek coast. Austria
occupies the Venetian lands east of the
River Adige, including Istria, Dalmatia,
and Venice, and cedes the Austrian
Netherlands to France. Peace between
the Holy Roman Empire and France is to
be negotiated at a conference to
be held at Rastatt, Germany.
1798
15 February The French-dominated
Roman Republic is proclaimed in central
Italy. Pope Pius VI refuses to surrender
his temporal power and leaves Rome
for Valence, France.
March The influential Spanish prime
minister and mastermind of the
Franco-Spanish Treaty of San Ildefonso
against Britain, Manuel de Godoy, is
forced to resign, following the
Spanish naval defeat by Britain off Cape St
Vincent.
21 July Napoleon Bonaparte's French
army in Egypt, having occupied
Alexandria, defeats Mameluke forces
at the Battle of the Pyramids. French
domination of Egypt is established.
1 August A British fleet under the
English admiral Horatio Nelson destroys
the French Toulon fleet in Aboukir
Bay, Egypt, ('the Battle of the Nile')
cutting the French army's communications
with Europe and establishing
British naval
supremacy in the Mediterranean.
29 November King Ferdinand IV of
the Italian kingdom of Naples declares war
against France and occupies Rome.
1799
9 January The British prime minister
William Pitt the Younger introduces the
first income tax in Britain, to
finance the war against France, at a rate of
10% on all incomes over u200 per
year.
4 May Tippu, sultan of Mysore, India,
is killed at Seringapatam, after it is
captured by the British. His kingdom
is divided between Britain and the
nizam of Hyderabad.
1 June The British prime minister,
William Pitt the Younger, concludes the
formation of the Second Coalition
of Britain, Russia, Austria, the Ottoman
Empire, Portugal, and Naples against
France.
25 September-27 September French
forces under General Andrea Massena defeat
a Russian army under Alexander Korsakov
at Zurich, Switzerland; the main
Russian force under Field Marshal
Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov
arrives too late, and is forced
to retreat across the Alps. Austrian forces
under the Archduke Charles retreat
to the River Danube.
9 November Napoleon Bonaparte overthrows
the ruling Directory (ruling
executive) in France in the coup
d'etat of 18 Brumaire (revolutionary
calendar).
1800
17 January The Treaty of Montlu
on ends royalist disaffection in the Vendue,
western France, and releases troops
for a new French offensive in Europe.
14 June French forces under Napoleon
Bonaparte defeat the Austrians under
Baron Michel Melas at the Battle
of Marengo, northwest Italy, ensuring the
French reconquest of Italy.
1801
1 January The Act of Union creates
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bringing Ireland under
direct control of the Parliament in
Westminster.
9 February The Treaty of Luneville,
following the French defeat of Austria
in Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign
of 1800-01, marks the virtual destruction
of the Holy Roman Empire. France
gains all territory west of the Rhine,
including Belgium and Luxembourg.
The grand duchy of Tuscany is ceded to the
duchy of Parma to form the new kingdom
of Etruria, and recognition is given
to the Batavian, Cisalpine, Helvetian,
and Ligurian republics.
21 March The Treaty of Aranjuez
is signed between France and Spain,
formalizing their ultimatum to Portugal
to break its traditional allegiance
to Britain. Spain also agrees to
cede the North American territory of
Louisiana to France.
2 April British vice admiral Horatio
Nelson is victorious against the Danish
fleet in the Battle of Copenhagen,
fought in retaliation for Danish actions
against Britain in closing the River
Elbe.
6 June The Treaty of Badajoz formally
ends the war between Spain and
Portugal over Portugal's traditional
allegiance to Britain. Portugal cedes
the province of Olivenza and agrees
to close its ports to British ships.
17 June The Armed Neutrality of
the North (the confederation of Russia,
Sweden, Denmark, and Prussia, formed
to defend their right to export goods
to Napoleonic France) breaks up
with the signing of the Treaty of St
Petersburg between Britain, Russia,
and Prussia, which recognizes British
right of search of
merchant vessels.
15 July A concordat with the papacy
drawn up by Napoleon Bonaparte
effectively places the church in
France under state control. The pope is
allowed to keep the Papal States,
with the exception of Ferrara, Bologna,
and Romagna, which are
annexed by France.
2 September French forces in Egypt
under General Jean Menou surrender to the
British and are immediately offered
free passage home, ending Napoleon
Bonaparte's hopes of oriental conquest.
1 October Preliminaries of peace
are signed between Britain and France.
Britain is to restore all maritime
conquests, except Trinidad and Ceylon, to
France, Spain, and the Netherlands.
France agrees to evacuate Naples and the
Papal States. The integrity of Portugal
is recognized. The independence of
the Ionian Islands is agreed upon.
Both French and British armiesare to
evacuate Egypt, which is to be restored
to the Ottoman Empire. Malta is to
be restored to the Knights of St
John by Britain.
1802
27 March The Treaty of Amiens is
signed between Britain and France, based on
the preliminaries agreed on 1 October
1801; it achieves (briefly) the
complete pacification of Europe.
15 October Napoleon Bonaparte, First
Consul of France, intervenes in the
civil war in Switzerland between
the towns and the forest cantons. Using his
newly won authority in the region,
he styles himself 'Mediator of the
Helvetic League' and imposes a settlement.
23 October At Poona in India, the
maharaja Jaswant Rao Holkar of Indore
defeats both Baji Rao, the peshwa
of Poona, head of the Maratha confederacy
and sympathetic to the British,
and Madhoji Rao Sindhia of Gwalior, the most
powerful figure in central India.
1803
30 April The USA purchases Louisiana
and New Orleans from the French, in
contravention of the terms of the
Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1 October 1800.
Including in effect the entire western
half of the drainage basin of the
River Mississippi, the purchase,
for a total sum (including interest) of
$27,267,622, roughly doubles the
land area of the USA.
3 August The second Anglo-Maratha
War begins in India when British troops
take the offensive against the Sindhia
dynasty of Gwalior.
1804
21 March The Civil Code (renamed
the Code Napoleon in 1807) is promulgated
in France, providing a uniform civil
law (previously French law was split
between Roman law in the south and
custom law in the north).
2 December Napoleon Bonaparte crowns
himself emperor as Napoleon I in Paris,
France. Pope Pius VII officiates
at the coronation. British artillery
officer William Congreve invents
the Congreve rocket.
1805
9 August Austria joins Britain,
Russia, and Sweden in alliance against
France and receives a u3 million
subsidy.
21 October Horatio Nelson is killed
at sea off Cape Trafalgar, Spain.
2 December The French emperors Napoleon
I entices the much larger
Russo-Austrian forces ranged against
him to overextend themselves before
effecting a crushing defeat upon
them in the Battle of Austerlitz, in
Moravia.
15 December By the Treaty of Schenbrunn
with France, Prussia cedes Cleves,
Neuchetel, and Ansbach, and accepts
French territorial gains in Germany and
Italy. In return Prussia is allowed
to occupy Hanover in order to prevent it
joining the coalition against the
French emperor Napoleon I.
1806
15 February French troops enter
Naples, Italy. Napoleon I's brother, Joseph
Bonaparte, immediately begins administrative
reform in the Italian kingdom.
14 October The French emperor Napoleon
I decisively defeats the Prussians
under Prince Hohenlohe at Jena in
Saxony; Marshal Louis Davout
simultaneously defeats the Saxons
under the Duke of Brunswick at Auerstadt,
also in Saxony. Scottish clergyman
Alexander Forsyth invents the percussion
ignition for guns; he uses an explosive
chemical charge that detonates when
struck by a hammer. It allows operation
in wet weather and leads to the
development of breechloaders.
1807
8 February The French emperor Napoleon
I's army catches up with the
retreating Russian and Prussian
forces at Eylau in eastern Prussia; an
indecisive battle causes heavy losses
to both sides.
7 July The Treaty of Tilsit (Prussia)
ends the war between France and
Russia. The French emperor Napoleon
I, having defeated Austria and now
Russia and Prussia, is the master
of continental Europe. Russia agrees to
the establishment of a Grand Duchy
of Warsaw (as a French satellite in
Eastern Europe). Russia also recognizes
the Confederation of the Rhine
(association of German states under
French protection) agrees to close all
ports to British ships. By a secret
agreement, Tsar Alexander I agrees to
coerce Denmark, Sweden, and Portugal
into joining the alliance against
Britain. In return he is given a
free hand against Sweden in Finland and the
Ottoman Empire in the Danubian provinces
(Moldavia and Wallachia).
18 October Napoleon I sent his troops
across the Spanish frontier. He
removes King Ferdinand VII from
the Spanish throne, and gives the throne to
his brother, Joseph.
30 November Marshal Murat's tired
forces march into Lisbon, Portugal, as the
Portuguese Royal family sails into
exile.
1808
23 March The French occupy Madrid
14 July Marshal Bessieres defeats
the Spanish under General Cuesta at Medina
del Rio Seco.
1 August A British force, under
Sir Arthur Wellesley, lands at Mondego Bay,
Portugal.
17 August Wellesley defeats Delaborde
at Rolica.
21 August Wellesley defeats Junot
at Vimeiro.
30 August Wellesley recalled to
Britain to explain the Convention of Cintra,
which allowed the French to leave
Portugal fully intact.
1 September Sir John Moore is placed
in command of the Bristish forces in
Portugal.
25 December Moore starts retreat
to Corunna.
1809
2 February A French force under
General Sextius Miollis occupies Rome after
Pope Pius VII refuses to recognize
the Kingdom of Naples. The Pope also
refuses to grant a concordat with
the Confederation of the Rhine
(association of German states under
French protection) on the same lines as
that agreed with France, or join
in the alliance against Britain.
28 February Austria joins the French
emperor Napoleon I's Continental System
and supports the closure of European
ports to Britain.
19 March Charles IV of Spain abdicates
in favour of his son, Ferdinand,
being too closely associated with
the francophile policy of his ousted chief
minister, Manuel de Godoy.
20 April Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
(Napoleon III), emperor of France 1852-71,
born in Paris, France.
12 May British forces under Arthur
Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington)
defeat the French under Marshal
Nicolas-Jean Soult at Oporto and force them
to retreat from Portugal.
17 May The French emperor Napoleon
I issues an imperial decree annexing the
Papal States, following their occupation
by France in February 1808.
5 July-6 July The French emperor
Napoleon I defeats the Austrian army under
Archduke Charles in the Battle of
Wagram, near Vienna, although the Austrian
army retreats in good order.
28 July The British soldier and
statesman Arthur Wellesley is victorious at
the Battle of Talavera in Spain
over the French who afterwards fall back to
Madrid. Wellesley is subsequently
created Viscount Wellington.
PENINSULAR WAR
1807
18 October French troops cross the
Spanish frontier. Napoleon makes his
brother, Joesph, King of Spain.
30 November Portuguese Royal family
flees for Brazil as Marshal Junot's
forces occupy Lisbon.
1808
23 March The French occupy Madrid.
2 May Spanish cause uprising in
Madrid.
14 July Marshal Bessieres defeats
the Spanish under General Cuesta at Medina
del Rio Seco.
22 July Marshal Dupont surrenders
at Baylen.
1 August A British force, under
Sir Arthur Wellesley, lands at Mondego Bay,
Portugal. An additional 5,000 British
troops, under General Sir Brent
Spencer, sail from Cadiz.
17 August Wellesley defeats Delaborde
at Rolica.
21 August Wellesley defeats Junot
at Vimeiro.
22-30 August Wellesley is superceded
by General Sir Harry Burrad who is
superceded by General Sir Hew Dalrymple.
The Convention of Cintra is agreed
to, which allows Junot and his army
to escape. The three generals are thus
summoned back to England to offer
an explaination at a Court of Enquiry.
1 September Sir John Moore is placed
in command of the Bristish forces in
Portugal. He eventually strikes
into Spain believing that the Spanish were
ready to revolt.
30 October The French evacuate Portugal.
8 November Napoleon enters Spain
with 200,000 men in support of his brother,
Joseph.
4 December Napoleon occupies Madrid.
10 December Moore advences from
Salamanca.
21 December British calvary victory
at Sahagun.
25 December Moore starts retreat
to Corunna.
"Moore, in depth of winter, was
forced into a fighting retreat to
Corunna, where transports assembled
to bring away the British army." Ian
Fletcher
1809
1-14 January Moore's forced retreat
to Corunna.
"Roads quickly turned into quagmires
and the troops suffred dreadful
hardships in the bitterly cold winter
weather. Many gave up the will to
live, many more were captured by
the pursuing French, and many more were
killed or wound when they would
turn and fight their pursurers."
16 January Battle of Corunna. An
early version of Dunkirk where the Royal
Navy waited to evacuate Moore's
ragtag army. Moore is killed before he
could evacuate to the waiting ships.
22 April Wellesley returns to Portugal.
He assumes command of the
British/Portugese Army.
12 May Wellesley defeats Soult at
Oporto after secretly crossing the River
Douro.
28 July Wellesley defeats Joseph
at Talavera. Wellesley was then forced
toretreat because he could not rely
on the Spanish for the help they
promised to provide.
August Wellesly's army camps at
Badajoz. It was an unhappy stay as
Wellesley tried to keep his army
together, his allies happy and his men from
deserting.
4 September Wellesley is made Viscount
Wellington.
October Wellington's army begins
the construction of the Lines of Torres
Vedras in secret.
1810
10 July Massena takes Ciudad Rodrigo.
24 July Craufurd defeated by Ney
on the Coa.
28 July Almedia falls to the French.
27 September Wellington victorious
over Massena at Busaco. Battle of
Buscao was fought to inflict as
much damage as possible to French.
10 October Wellington enters the
Lines of Torres Vedras.
14 October Massena discovers Lines
and halts.
17 November Massena withdraws to
Santarem.
1811
5 March Battle of Barrosa, which
was fought by British forces from Cadiz
under Sir Thomas Graham. Patrick
Masterson of the 87th Regiment captured
the first Imperial Eagle.
10 March Soult takes Badjoz. French
posess the 'keys to Spain'.
15 March Massena retreats into Spain
due to starvation. Wellington's army
follows the French retreat much
like the French had done during the retreat
to Corunna.
April A mixed force of Bristish
and Portuguese troops, under Sir William
Beresford, lay siege to Badajoz
with little success.
3 April Battle of Sabugal, fought
in dense fog.
3-5 May Wellington defeats Massena
in three-day battle at Fuentes de Onoro.
11 May Almedia surrenders to Welligton.
12 May Beresford lifts siege of
Badajoz and retreats.
16 May Beresford defeats Soult at
Alburea, barely.
17 May Wellington reunites with
Beresford.
19 May-17 June Second siege of Badajoz
takes place.
17 June Siege of Badajoz is ended
and Wellington's army retreats once more
into Portugal.
1812
8 January Siege of Ciudad rodrigo
begins.
19 January Wellington takes Ciudad
Rodrigo by storm. The storming was met
with resistance. This caused the
'disciplined' troops to loot, rape and
pillage.
Late January thru early April Wellington
lays siege to Badajoz.
6-7 April Wellington takes Badajoz
by storm. British troops that survive
the assualt loot, rape and plunder
the city for almost 72 hours. "...I
greatly hope that I shall never
again be the instrument of putting them to
such a test." Wellington after the
sacking of Badajoz.
24 June Napoleon's invasion of Russia
begins.
22 July Wellington defeats Marmont
at Salamanca due Marmont over extending
his army between the Greater and
Lesser Arapiles.
12 August With road open Wellington's
Allied Army enters Madrid.
19 September Wellington begins the
siege of Burgos, resting place of El
Cid.
12 October Wellington breaks off
the siege of Burgos, deciding to leave
'this damned place'.
22 October-19 November Allied retreat
to Portugal. Remincent of the rtreat
to Corunna.
19 November Allied army arrives
at Ciudad Rodrigo. It weathers out the
winter there while Wellington plans
his next offensive against the French.
1813
May Wellington's army regains its
strength and marches from Portugal
forever. "Farewell, Portugal! I
shall never see you again."
21 June Wellington defeats Joseph
at Vittoria, created Field Marshal after
chasing the French back across most
of Spain. British troops stop pursuing
the French to pick up the booty
that the French left behind.
28 June-12 August Siege of San Sebastin.
25 July Soult makes counter-attack
in the Pyrenees at Maya and Roncesvalles.
British picquets were forced to
retreat, but prevented the French from
relieving Pamplona and San Sebastian.
28-30 July Wellington defeats Soult
at Sorauren after Soult tries again to
relive his forces in Spain.
31 August Sir Thomas Graham takes
San Sebastian by storm. British troops
plunder the city and 'accidently'
set the place on fire.
31 August Soult repulsed at San
Marcial.
7 October Wellington crosses the
Bidassosa into France.
25 October Pamplona surrenders.
10 November Wellington defeats Soult
at the Battle of the Nivelle.
9-10 December Wellington defeats
Soult at the Battle of the Nive.
13 December Soult repulsed by Hill
at St. Pierre.
1814
23 February General Hope crossed
the Adour, west of Bayonne.
27 February Wellington defeats Soult
at Orthes.
24 March Soult enters Toulouse.
30 March Russian/Prussian army enters
Paris.
6 April Napoleon abdicates.
10 April Wellington defeats Soult
at Toulouse.
14 April General Thouvenot, the
governor of Bayonne, launches a sortie at
the Allied army.
17 April Soult surrenders effectively
ending the Peninsular War.
26 April Bayonne surrenders.
30 April Treaty of Paris is signed.
May Wellington's army is disbanded
and sent to other parts of the world.
4 May Wellington created Duke.
Sharpe's Family Tree
Sam Gilpin - (?-?) - Lizzie Sharpe
| Campaigns - American Revolution
|
Richard Sharpe (1777-1860) - Lucille Lassan
| Campaigns - Flanders
| - India
| - Denmark
| - Peninsular / Waterloo
I - South America
|
Patrick Lassan (1814-?) m - ?
| Campaigns - Crimea
| - Indian Mutiny (1857)?
| - American Civil War
|
"Sharpe's grandson"
| Campaigns - American Civil War
| - Zulu Wars (1879)
|
?